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Table 2 Prognostic value of high vs. low levels of IL- 6, TNF-α and CRP for mortality

From: Comparison of the inflammatory biomarkers IL- 6, TNF-α, and CRP to predict the effect of nutritional therapy on mortality in medical patients at risk of malnutrition

All-cause mortality

Events

Adjusted

Low plasma levels

High plasma levels

HR* (95% CI)

p-value

30-day all-cause mortality

 IL- 6

16/552 (2.9%)

43/444 (9.7%)

3.50 (1.95 to 6.28)

< 0.001

 TNF-α

25/485 (5.2%)

34/511 (6.7%)

1.33 (0.79 to 2.23)

0.288

 CRP

37/723 (5.1%)

17/234 (7.3%)

1.60 (0.84 to 3.04)

0.153

180-day all-cause mortality

 IL- 6

83/552 (15.0%)

115/444 (25.9%)

1.97 (1.47 to 2.63)

< 0.001

 TNF-α

93/485 (19.2%)

105/511 (20.5%)

1.08 (0.82 to 1.44)

0.58

 CRP

140/723 (19.4%)

45/234 (19.2%)

1.22 (0.84 to 1.77)

0.298

1-year all-cause mortality

 IL- 6

131/500 (26.2%)

157/411 (38.2%)

1.75 (1.38 to 2.23)

< 0.001

 TNF-α

134/436 (30.7%)

154/475 (32.4%)

1.10 (0.87 to 1.39)

0.428

 CRP

207/665 (31.1%)

64/211 (30.3%)

1.25 (0.91 to 1.71)

0.166

2-year all-cause mortality

 IL- 6

186/500 (37.2%)

207/411 (50.4%)

1.68 (1.37 to 2.06)

< 0.001

 TNF-α

187/436 (42.9%)

206/475 (43.4%)

1.06 (0.87 to 1.29)

0.578

 CRP

288/665 (43.3%)

86/211 (40.8%)

1.09 (0.83 to 1.43)

0.529

3-year all-cause mortality

 IL- 6

206/552 (37.3%)

221/444 (49.8%)

1.66 (1.37 to 2.02)

< 0.001

 TNF-α

206/485 (42.5%)

221/511 (43.2%)

1.05 (0.87 to 1.27)

0.612

 CRP

313/723 (43.3%)

93/234 (39.7%)

1.08 (0.84 to 1.41)

0.542

5-year all-cause mortality

 IL- 6

217/500 (43.4%)

227/411 (55.2%)

1.60 (1.32 to 1.94)

< 0.001

 TNF-α

213/436 (48.9%)

231/475 (48.6%)

1.03 (0.86 to 1.25)

0.73

 CRP

327/665 (49.2%)

95/211 (45.0%)

1.07 (0.82 to 1.38)

0.624

  1. Groups are based on high or low cytokine levels. Data are number of events (%). HR* was adjusted for age, sex, randomization group, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 total score, the four most frequent main diagnoses (cancer, infection, cardiovascular disease, frailty), and the two most frequent comorbidities (hypertension, renal insufficiency). CI Confidence interval, HR Hazard ratio, IL- 6 Interleukin 6, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha, CRP C-reactive protein
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Journal of Inflammation

ISSN: 1476-9255

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