Table 1 Studies of correlations between tsRNAs and inflammatory cells

Neutrophils

tDR-1: 23-fMet-CAT-1

attenuates OMV-stimulated KC IL-8 homolog secretion and neutrophil infiltration in mouse lungs

[7]

Macrophages

tsRNA-21,109

alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization

[13]

tDR-1:34-Gly-CCC-3-G9A

promote the expression of proinflammatory factors and M1 polarization and inhibit the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and M2 polarization

[14]

tDR-55:76-Ile-AAT-1-M4

modulates M2 macrophage polarization through binding to MIF in colorectal cancer

[31]

tsRNA-14,783

promotes M2 macrophage polarization in keloid

[15]

Endothelial cells

tDR-T1:T20-Ser-TGA-1-1

acts as an antiangiogenic factor during ocular angiogenesis via tDR-T1:T20-Ser-TGA-1-1/METTL3/RBPJ-MAML1 signaling

[17]

tDR-55:76-Gln-CTG-1-M2

plays an anti-angiogenic role in choroidal neovascularization.

[18]

tDR-38:71-Arg-CCG-2

modulates expression of proatherogenic genes in ECs in vitro, including IL-6, IL-1α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1

[20]

T cells

tDR-59:76-Leu-TAA-1

participate in metabolic modulation of IFN-α-induced CD4 + T cell OXPHOS in lupus.

[32]

tDR-55:76-Leu-TAA-1

tDR-T1:T18-Val-TAC-3-1

associated with the T-cell activation status in Breast Cancer

[23]

tDR-T1:T34-Thr-CGT-2-1-A15G

B cells

tDR-55:76-Gly-GCC-2

differentially expressed in three stages of mature B-cell differentiation and one GC-derived lymphoma cell line, and cloned most frequently in normal GC B cells

[26]

tDR-1:33-His-GUG-1-M9

contributes to cell proliferation in B cells under LA stress.

[28]

Dendritic cells

tDR-1:32-Val-CAC-2

controls the formation of effector T-cells, activation of regulatory T-cells, and DC maturation

[29]