Fig. 1

A Histological morphological changes of the intestine in H&E staining (scale bar = 100 μm) were shown in the following groups: a sham group, b II/R model group, c II/R plus 20 mg/kg Emodin, d II/R plus 40 mg/kg Emodin, e II/R plus 80 mg/kg Emodin, f Chiu score was used to measure the extent of intestinal damage. B Intestinal edema was measured using the wet/dry weight ratio of the intestine. The intestinal edema increased after II/R injury. However, after the use of Emodin with different doses, the intestinal edema decreased to varying degrees. C Different doses of Emodin alleviated intestinal inflammation caused by II/R injury. Pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF and IL-1β were decreased after the use of Emodin. D Different doses of Emodin attenuated II/R-associated oxidative stress and inflammation to varying degrees. The 40 mg/kg Emodin and 80 mg/kg Emodin attenuated II/R-associated oxidative stress more effectively than 20 mg/kg Emodin