Fig. 1

IL-10 protects neutrophils against pre- and activation provided they had not been previously exposed to pro-inflammatory agents such as TNF or LPS. A The direct exposition of TNF, LPS, IL-10 on ROI production and the effect of IL-10 on the neutrophil pre- and activation process. The double-headed red arrow demonstrates the pre-activation phenomenon by TNF amplifying antimicrobial neutrophil properties. The low panel presents one of four independently performed experiments. B To better demonstrate the protective effect of IL-10 on the pre-activation, neutrophils were additionally stimulated by PMA, which directly activated NADPH oxidase. C The exposition of TNF, LPS, IL-10 on E. coli phagocytosis and the effect IL-10 on TNF-preactivated and LPS-stimulated neutrophils. The double-headed red arrow demonstrates the influence of TNF, LPS, IL-10 and TNF + LPS on neutrophil E. coli phagocytosis (left part of the graph). The right part of the graph (demarcated by a dashed line) demonstrates the protective effect of IL-10 on TNF-pre-activated and LPS-activated neutrophils and the disruption of this process due to previous short-term exposure to TNF or LPS. The rights panels present the most representative example of four independent experiments