Fig. 2

Car activated both PKA–STAT3 and PKC–NF-κB signaling in hDPCs. a Cell lysates were subjected to qPCR to assess the expressions of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-κB. b WB was performed to probe with antibodies for phosphorylation and expression PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-κB in cell lysates. c IFA detected the cellular location of STAT3 and NF-κB in hDPCs. d Cell fractionation assay showed the location of STAT3 and NF-κB in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of hDPCs. e hDPCs were co-treated with either 100 μM Car and 10 μM H-89/Go6983 for 2 h. The expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed by t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Control group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. Car group